domingo, 22 de abril de 2012

Pagó Wal-Mart hasta 24 mdd en sobornos para dominar el mercado mexicano: NYT

La publicación identifica al ex director Eduardo Castro-Wright detrás del hecho


Foto
Una sucursal de Wal-Mart en la ciudad de México
Foto Reuters
Notimex
Periódico La Jornada
Domingo 22 de abril de 2012, p. 31

Nueva York, 21 de abril. La subsidiaria en México de Wal-Mart pagó sobornos hasta por 24 millones de dólares para ganar el dominio en el mercado mexicano, reveló este sábado el diario estadunidense The New York Times.

La investigación del rotativo identificó a Eduardo Castro-Wright, entonces director de la empresa en México, como fuerza motora detrás de los años de soborno, aunque apuntó que hubo cohechos ocasionales antes de su llegada a la compañía en 2002.

La denuncia fue presentada por Sergio Cicero Zapata, ex abogado de bienes raíces de Wal-Mart, quien indicó que la firma usó los sobornos para facilitar cambios de zonas en los mapas, hicieron desvanecer objeciones ambientalistas, permisos que típicamente toman meses para su proceso, mágicamente se materializaron en días.

Cicero denunció que las prácticas de cohecho estimuladas por Castro-Wright eran parte de una estrategia expansiva de negocios, para construir cientos de nuevas tiendas tan rápido, que sus competidores no tuvieran tiempo de reaccionar.

El ex ejecutivo dio nombres, fechas y montos de los sobornos, él sabía mucho, explicó que por años fue el abogado a cargo de obtener los permisos de construcción para Wal-Mart de México, indicó el rotativo.

El diario no dio nombres de funcionarios mexicanos sobornados y sólo se refirió a alcaldes, concejales, obscuros planificadores urbanos o burócratas de bajo nivel que expedían permisos de construcción, pero identificó a ejecutivos de la gigante del ramo de supermercados.

La publicación mencionó que la compañía, con sede en Bentonville, Arkansas, inició una investigación interna luego que Cicero Zapata informó en septiembre de 2005 sobre la campaña de cohechos para obtener permisos en virtualmente cada rincón del país.

El diario indicó que un investigador nombrado por Wal-Mart, ex agente de la Oficina Federal de investigaciones (FBI), reportó sospechas razonables para creer que hubo violaciones tanto a las leyes mexicanas como a las estadunidenses.

La indagación del diario encontró que los directivos de Wal-Mart en Estados Unidos cerraron el caso, sin notificar ni a las autoridades estadunidenses ni a las mexicanas, y en cambio, Castro-Wright fue promovido a vicepresidente de Wal-Mart en 2008.

El diario señaló que el entonces director ejecutivo, Lee Scott, calificó la investigación interna como demasiado agresiva, y agregó que cuando se decidió el traslado de Castro-Wright, en la empresa citaron sus extraordinarios resultados en México.

El rotativo indicó que entrevistas y documentos muestran que los ejecutivos de la empresa sabían que la corrupción afectaría el precio de sus acciones si se daban a conocer, en parte al afectar la imagen de éxito de Wal-Mart México.

El diario neoyorquino indicó que luego de saber de la investigación periodística, Wal-Mart informó al Departamento de Justicia sobre su investigación interna por posibles violaciones a la ley contra el soborno, pero trató de minimizar el hecho.

Según el NYT, Wal-Mart sostuvo que los sobornos para obtener permisos de construcción se limitaron a casos discretos y que la Comisión de Valores estadunidense no pensaba que el asunto tuviera un efecto adverso en la empresa.

El diario añadió que ni Scott, miembro ahora del directorio ejecutivo de la empresa, ni Castro-Wright, quien se retirará en julio, quisieron hacer declaraciones.

El NYT indicó que su investigación incluye 15 horas de entrevistas con Cicero Zapata, quien renunció a Wal-Mart en 2004, después de trabajar por casi una década en el departamento de bienes raíces de la compañía en México.

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